Children's Digital Privacy and the Case Against Parental Consent

Children's engagement with the internet has exploded. From education to social media, companies have offered products and services that-far from being mere distractions for children-have increasingly become necessities. These necessities are most keenly felt in the EdTech world. As companies in the United States rely on the verifiable parental consent required by the Children 's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) to collect and use minors' data, reviewing boilerplate waivers of liability and consent forms for children's online activities has thus become part of parenting. This piece argues that under the common law tradition of protecting the best interests of the child, when it comes to protecting children's digital privacy, relying solely on parental consent is insufficient and ill-suited. This work compares parental consent forms for children's online activities to parental waivers for tort liability for physical injuries suffered by children. In the latter, courts have not reached a consensus on whether such contracts are enforceable or altogether void. However, most courts have struck down such waivers as against public policy in commercial settings. By relying on courts ' decisions regarding the role of parents in protecting the best interests of the child when faced with a child's physical injury, this piece argues that public policy should have to force to override parental consent as it pertains to the protection of a minor's digital privacy and their use of EdTech tools. It thus encourages lawmakers at the federal and state levels to move away from a parental consent apparatus and instead put forward new measures for the protection of children's digital privacy. It further illustrates that, despite COPPA, common law privacy torts are not fully preempted. Adopting the approach proposed in this work will also motivate companies to be more vigilant towards handling minors' data to avoid potential lawsuits. It will further encourage a market for competition between socially responsible companies that would prioritize children's privacy over an endless list of corporate interests.

The couch as a classroom: exploring the school environment of low-income Latine adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to uncover what the at-home educational environments of low-income Latine adolescents looked like during the COVID-19 pandemic and how these environments influenced students' participation in their online classes. Additionally, the findings highlight students' perspectives on their varied engagement in virtual instruction.Design/methodology/approachData for this study were collected via an online survey that included both open and close-ended questions. Students were able to share about their behaviors and comfort in their online classes, as well as provide photos of the areas from which they joined their online classes. Quantitative and qualitative data analysis methods were used.FindingsMany students in the sample expressed discomfort with themselves and their homes being seen on camera and shared having to juggle multiple responsibilities during online classes. Photos uploaded revealed that at-home educational environments often lacked the resources afforded by in-school instruction, with students joining classes from areas that may not be conducive to learning.Originality/valueResearch has highlighted the ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic may have exacerbated existing issues of educational equity, but the systemic reasons for these inequities remain understudied. The results from this study highlight the ways in which disparate at-home learning environments may help to explain unequal engagement in online classes.

Education Remains Critical with Unemployment, Employment, and Participation Rates in 2020 Being the Worst in Many Years for Aboriginals and Non-Aboriginals

The higher the level of education completed the higher the wage rates, the lower the rate of unemployment, and the higher the employment rates. Unemployment rates were significantly higher and participation and employment rates were significantly lower for Aboriginals and non-Aboriginals in Canada in 2020. This may be attributed to the impact of the Coronavirus pandemic. The rate of unemployment increased more for nonAboriginals than for Aboriginals in 2020. However, participation and employment rates decreased more for Aboriginals than for non-Aboriginals. Employment, unemployment, and participation rates are and historically have been more favourable for non-Aboriginals than for Aboriginals. As educational levels increase, employment measures and wage rates improve. Employment measures are examined by gender, age, province, and education, and for Métis, Inuit, and First Nations.

Hospital and Health System Finances: Interview with Health Care Expert Lisa Goldstein

Hospitals continue to experience negative margins, with hospital expenses decreasing slightly since the start of the pandemic, but not enough to address impacted volumes and revenues. As a result, issues regarding hospital and health system debt and financial sustainability weigh heavily on health care admini - strators. Hospital finances, and specifically, the management of bonds and debt, are of vital concern, particularly in light of the elimination of CARES Act funding and the forthcoming expiration of the federal Public Health Emergency COVID-19 plan. In this article and accompanying podcast episode, Nursing Economics Editorial Board Member Dr. Therese Fitzpatrick talks with leading health care expert Lisa Goldstein, MPA, about the rising pressures to maintain financial sustainability as hospital margins react to post-pandemic admissions and related adjustments.

Managing Learning Environment in Schools for improved Quality Education in the Post-COVID 19 Era

Any education that is not qualitative enough would impose more danger to the learners and the society at large. This study examined managing the learning environment in schools for improved quality education. The secondary school was the focus while the principals were the target. The presentation of the meaning of learning environment and quality education was captured. The study also explained who the principal is and his responsibilities concerning the educational managerial conception. The study looked at the various components of the learning environment and how they could be managed to produce an acceptable learning environment and its implication in the post-COVID 19 eras. In the end, the paper concluded, among other things, that it is only when the principals are innovative, creative and proactive with their understanding of the learning environment that the desired quality education can be achieved.

Australian parents' and children's food-related interactions during the COVID-19 pandemic

PurposeDuring the COVID-19 pandemic people worldwide in the same household spent more time together and school children engaged in remote learning throughout extended lockdowns and restrictions. The present study aimed to explore parents' perceptions of their involvement and enjoyment in food-related interactions with their children during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated lockdowns/restrictions and changes in their children's food intake, especially children's lunches during the remote learning period.Design/methodology/approachData from parents (n = 136) were collected via an online survey in 2020. Parents' responses to closed-ended questions were analysed via descriptive statistics and open-ended responses were analysed thematically.FindingsMost parents (62%) reported that they interacted more with their school-aged (5–17 years) children about food during COVID-19 compared to pre-pandemic times. These interactions included cooking, menu planning, eating, conversations around food, and gardening. Most parents (74%) prepared meals with their children during the pandemic and most of them (89%) reported that they enjoyed it. Most parents (n = 91 out of 121) perceived that their children's lunches during remote learning were different to when attending school in person and these changes included eating hot and home-cooked food and more elaborate meals.Originality/valueThis study sheds important insights into a sample of Australian parents' food-related interactions with their school-aged children during the COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns and parents' observations and perceptions of changes in the children's food intake during the remote learning period.

The Barometer of Physical Education in the COVID-19 Pandemic in Catalonia

COVID-19 has had a significant impact on the functioning of many professional fields, including education. The aim of the study was to analyse what has happened in physical education in primary and secondary schools in Catalonia (Spain) during the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, after a thorough review of the existing literature, a questionnaire was designed and implemented to identify the impact of COVID-19 in relation to changes in curricular decisions, attention to diversity and compliance with protocols, safety and hygiene standards generated by the pandemic in the classroom. To determine validity, the Delphi method was used, conducting a pilot test in the first phase and the analysis of two panels of experts in the following two phases, using Cronbach's alpha coefficient to delimit reliability. The questionnaire was answered by 629 primary and secondary physical education teachers, and the results showed that they made significant changes in the typology of teaching and learning activities and in the specification of curricular content, ensured physical distance between pupils, and ensured the application of health and safety protocols. There was an increased use of technology, both to facilitate communication with learners and to increase autonomy and self-regulation of learning. The methodological changes brought about by the pandemic are evident and envisage a hybrid model of physical education with a greater presence of technology.

Covid-19 Pandemic: Project-Based Learning as Interprofessional Learning Model to Improve Student With Special Needs' Self Efficacy

Hay un énfasis particular en la educación para niños con necesidades especiales. Tienen derecho a una educación adecuada a sus necesidades. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo mejorar la autoeficacia de los estudiantes con necesidades especiales que estudiaron en escuelas primarias inclusivas mediante el uso del aprendizaje basado en proyectos. El método de investigación utilizó el cualitativo exploratorio con los instrumentos de entrevista, observación y documentación a través de la triangulación. Todos los instrumentos fueron analizados en profundidad, descriptivo narrativo. Esta investigación se realizó en las escuelas primarias inclusivas, entre otras cinco Escuelas Primarias Públicas (PES). Los hallazgos muestran que el enfoque de aprendizaje basado en proyectos en las escuelas primarias inclusivas en la pandemia de covid-19 mejoró efectivamente a los estudiantes con necesidad especial de ser activos, participativos y sentirse motivados para resolver los problemas de aprendizaje experimentados por los productos de aprendizaje producidos.Alternate :There is a particular emphasis on education for special needs children. They have a right to an education that is appropriate to their needs. This study aimed to improve the self-efficacy of students with special needs who studied in inclusive elementary schools by using project-based learning. The research method used explorative qualitative with the interview, observation, and documentation instruments through triangulation. All instruments were analyzed in-depth, descriptive narrative. This research was carried out in the inclusive elementary schools, among others were five Public Elementary Schools (PES). The findings show that the learning approach of projectbased learning at inclusive elementary schools in the covid-19 pandemic effectively improved the students with special need to be active, participatory and feel motivated to solve learning problems experienced by learning products produced

Temporary staff performance in universities: How can the employeeorganization relationship be enhanced in an institution

This empirical research evaluates the mediating role of the employee-organization relationship through work flexibility and perceived organizational support variables on temporary employee performance in an academic institution. This research included 116 temporary administrative respondents as samples. The census sample selection approach was used to analyze primary data using SmartPLS. The present study revealed that work flexibility has no significant effect on employee-organization relations. Meanwhile, perceived organizational support has a substantial and positive impact on the employee-organization relationship. Work flexibility and employee-organization relationship positively and significantly impact temporary staff performance. Perceived organizational support does not affect temporary staff performance. Employee-organization relationship fully mediates the positive relationship between perceived organizational support and temporary staff performance. This paper is one of the first papers to investigate the role of the employee-organization relationship as an intervening variable in the relationship between work flexibility and perceived organizational support of temporary staff performance at a private university.

The Food and Drug Administration's e-Cigarette Flavor Restrictions Have Not Gone Far Enough to Curb the Youth e-Cigarette Use Epidemic

Driven by targeted marketing, high nicotine content, and the availability of flavors appealing to youths,1 past 30-day use surged among high school students from 1.5% in 2011 to 27.5% in 2019.2 To curb youth access and use, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an enforcement policy against any flavored, cartridge-based e-cigarettes with tobacco and menthol flavor exemptions in February 2020. Because of the concern of the comparability of the August 2020 data collected during the pandemic, Hammond etal. did not assess the potential impact of the policy on the accessibility of vaping devices or e-cigarette use prevalence. Studies that exploited the variation in the comprehensiveness of flavor restrictions between state and local jurisdictions indicated a reduction in flavored and total e-cigarette sales associated with more stringent flavor restrictions.9 However, other studies have raised an important concern that reducing youth access to flavored e-cigarettes may motivate substitution of e-cigarettes with traditional cigarettes.10 Moreover, flavor is also a primary driver of e-cigarette initiation among adult cigarette smokers and may be critical for adult smokers who are otherwise unable to quit cigarette smoking to switch to a potentially safer alternative.

Flavors Remain a Major Driver of Youth E-Cigarette Use

Over the past decade, the landscape ofyouth e-cigarette use has been dynamic.1,2 E-cigarettes have been the most commonly used tobacco product among US youths since 2014,1 and in 2019, current (past30-day) e-cigarette use prevalence reached a peak among middle-school (10.5%) and high-school (27.5%) students.3 During 2020 to 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in virtual learning for students, which impacted youth access to e-cigarettes, including from social sources;in 2020, before COVID-19 was declared a pandemic, more than half of youths who currently used e-cigarettes reported getting their e-cigarettes from a friend.3 Nonetheless, in 2021, more than 2 million US middle- and high-school students used e-cigarettes.2 POLICIES TO REDUCE YOUTH E-CIGARETTE USE Flavors remain a major driver ofyouth e-cigarette use.2 A majority of youths who currently use e-cigarettes report flavors are a reason they used the products, and, in 2021,84.7% of youths who used e-cigarettes reported using a flavored product2;the most commonly used flavor types among youths were fruit (71.6%), followed by candy, desserts, or other sweets (34.1 %);mint (30.2%);and menthol (28.8%).2 Public health concerns over youth e-cigarette use have fueled the adoption of policies focused on flavored e-cigarettes. [...]as of February 2022, seven statesand more than 300communities have enacted restrictions on the sale of at least some flavored e-cigarettes;many of these laws include mentholflavored products.4 Research suggests these local laws are associated with reduced availability, marketing, and sales of restricted products.5 However, there is variation inthe specificproducts, flavors, and store types covered by these laws.4 FACTORS THAT DIMINISH POLICY IMPACT Noncomprehensive policies, such as those that exempt certain flavors, can lead to shifts in behaviors by consumers that might diminish the policy's intended effects.5 For example, following the January 2020 national restriction on the sale of certain flavored cartridge-based e-cigarettes (excluding menthol and tobacco), increases occurred in US sales of mentholflavored e-cigarettes and disposable e-cigarettes, the latter of which were still available for sale with fruit, candy, mint, and other flavors.6 Disposable e-cigarette use increased among US youths during 2019 to 2020, and in 2020, among youths who used flavored e-cigarettes, menthol use was 34.3% among those who used disposable e-cigarettes and 48.4% among those who used prefilled cartridges or pods.3 Actions by manufacturers can diminish the impact of flavored e-cigarette restrictions. CORRESPONDENCE Correspondence should be sent to Brian A. King, PhD, MPH, Office on Smoking and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, MS S107-7, Atlanta, GA 30341 (e-mail: baking@cdc.gov).

DESIGNING A PEDAGOGY FOR HIGHER EDUCATION SUCCESS-AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN MALAYSIA

The purpose of the present study is to develop a conceptual research model and test its applications to educationalists to design the pedagogy for higher education success particularly for higher education institutions in developing nations. Earlier studies have lesser dimensions on student-centered-learning whereas the current study exposes most of the potential predictors while conceptualizing the model and is highly suitable during the turbulence period of COVID-19. The findings of the study revealed that smart classroom, user-friendly technology, and partnership have a positive influence on higher education success. The present article considered the perceived benefits namely language skills, computing abilities, and rational thinking as a mediating variable and enact its important role in higher education success. The proposed model is useful for educationalists to design the course curriculum for higher education institutions. The significant findings obtained in the present study can be applied and customized to higher education institutions in the globe for long term sustainability to orient towards students' career development. In the digital era with online education in force during an unforeseen situation like COVID-19, user-friendly technology will be the ultimate alternative in higher education teaching and learning as it emerges as the result of this study.

Teaching with the case method: opportunities and problems since the COVID-19 pivot to online

Purpose>This paper aims to detect the opportunities and problems when teaching with cases since the COVID-19 pivot to online.Design/methodology/approach>From a qualitative phenomenological approach, both authors reflect on the pivot to online case method teaching in their master’s level courses in Colombia and the Dominican Republic.Findings>The reflection allowed the authors to validate that the questions before and during the debate and the voting are resources equally valuable for discussing cases in the traditional classroom and online. However, the authors observe a pivot to teaching with cases online from the COVID-19 pandemic in aspects such as teamwork requiring more time in online class due to internet problems or students’ slowing down. The instructor’s viewing of teamwork is intermittent and causes feeling out of control. Working with cameras on or off generates different results in the students, in the teaching-learning process and in the results, which require the instructor’s good judgement decisions. The online discussion planning and organisation demand flexibility and empathy by the instructor, to promote a more significant student-student interaction, which, in the experience, is limited in the virtual environment. Finally, working with cases online generates and requires additional skills in the instructors to those of the traditional classroom.Originality/value>The study’s originality consists of identifying the main divergences between face-to-face and online teaching with the case method, from the COVID-19 pivot to online. The study’s value is to warn instructors of problems that may arise in online teaching with the case method, for which recommendations are made.

THE ROLE OF SOCIAL NETWORKS AND INTERNET COMMUNICATION AMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

Our society uses internet on daily bases not only for business purposes but private ones as well. The amount of online communication is rising exponentially each day and is becoming an important part ofsocial life. Social media usage is particularly increasing among young people. The main aim of this research was to explore the habits and attitudes regarding the usage of social networks among high school students on one Croatian High school. The core sample consisted of 60 high school students, aged between 14 and 18, who completed the Social Network Usage Questionnaire (SNU) online which was designed for the purpose of this research. The results showed that high school students spend between 1 and 5 or more hours per day on social media. The majority of participants use social platforms such as Instagram, You Tube and Facebook. Elements of risky behavior linked with excessive usage of internet which include accepting unknown friend requests on Facebook have also been detected. Participants believe that it is not acceptable to use Internet during their free time with the family. The results of this research can be used for educational purposes such as training for high school students with emphasis on practicing online communication skills. Moreover, including teachers and parents in the training can only be beneficial. This training could be helpful in terms ofproviding useful information about the content with high standards of quality as well as recognizing potentially risky behavior on internet that needs to be avoided.

The Coordinator of Information and Communication Technologies: Its Implication for Open Innovation

This study aims to analyze the effects of open innovation on the figure of the Information and Communication Technologies Coordinator (ICTC) in the Higher Conservatories of Music (HCM) and Authorized Centers of Spain (ACSs). In some regions, the HCMs are regulated by the regulations applied to secondary education and that is why the figure of the CICT exists. In others, this figure does not exist and is not regulated by the administration. In the ACSs, because they are private centers, they do not exist either, although they do have persons in charge of these functions. In order to respond to the objective of this study, a tour has been made to the existing regulations, analyzing the endowment that the centers have in addition to applying a questionnaire to 27 CICT of 35 HCMs and ACSs of Spain. The results obtained reveal the lack of knowledge of this figure and the innovation it represents in its field, information on the functions and tasks of the ICTC is scarce, as is the degree of knowledge of the competencies of the latter. There is a clear need for the CICT to exist in all schools and to be regulated under a common competence framework that allows schools to progress in the same way.

The influence of workplace happiness and innovative work behavior on job satisfaction mediated by work engagement

The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the influence of workplace happiness and innovative work behavior on job satisfaction mediated by work engagement on employees of a private university in Tenggarong, East Kalimantan during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research is quantitative with a sample of 100 people taken through proportional stratified random sampling. The data analysis technique used is descriptive statistical analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM). The conclusion of this study is that there is a positive influence between workplace happiness and innovative work behavior on job satisfaction, there is a positive influence between workplace happiness and work engagement, there is a positive influence between work engagement and job satisfaction, and there is a positive influence between workplace happiness on job satisfaction mediated by work engagement. .

Should Financial Literacy Education Be Core to Your Mission?

The year 2020 revealed that America is a country in crisis--not just because of COVID-19 and the thousands of deaths it caused, or the state of our healthcare system, or because we are experiencing rampant unemployment and small business closings--but because parents and their children are lacking in a basic understanding of personal economics, which is negatively impacting the choices they make. In 2019, the American Public Education Foundation found that 34 states earned grades of "C" or less for financial literacy instruction in their schools, and just 16 states earned grades of "A" or "B." This is where financial advisers as a profession need to organize efforts nationally and locally to drive financial literacy education in every community. There is clearly a gap. Several years ago, the financial services trade publication Investment- News did a survey of its readers comprised mostly of financial professionals to uncover attitudes about how early parents and educators should begin teaching personal economics.

ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING SATISFACTION IN USING DIFFERENT ONLINE SYSTEMS FOR SUCCESSFUL LEARNING IN THE NEXT NORMAL ERA OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN THAILAND

[...]doing comparable research in country like Thailand is possible (Parahoo etal., 2015). The related literature review in these areas including online education, online learning system via ZOOM meeting, Google classroom, Microsoft team, and the expected variables may affect student satisfaction such as Learner Interaction, Facilitating Condition, Actual Use from the previous research as following. According to Parahoo, et al., (2015), it was also supported that learner-learner interactions had a vital effect on student satisfaction. According to Alqurashi (2018), there is still a great likelihood that students will be satisfied provided they have high-quality interactions with their lecturers. Because there is no face-to-face connection in online education, teachers' prompt replies and comments are critical for students.

Assessing the mediating effect of leadership capabilities on the relationship between organisational resilience and organisational performance

PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic had brought drastic economic, social and technological changes in society. The drastic changes and uncertainty in the environment had forced various industries to evolve effectively to cope with the unexpected change and subsequently bounce back to regain business success. For instance, private higher learning institutions face steep challenges due to the shortfall of organisational capabilities. The study aims to examine the role of leadership capabilities and organisational resilience in regaining organisational success among higher private learning institutions in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachAccording to the dynamic capabilities theory, organisational resilience and leadership capabilities are among the highest order of indicators for organisational success. Subsequently, this study examines the mediating role of leadership capabilities on the relationship between organisational resilience on organisational performance. The dynamic capabilities-based framework was tested using the structural equation modelling technique with the use of partial least squares approach. Data were analysed using 120 responses.FindingsBased on the 120-questionnaire survey received, this study found that organisational resilience and leadership capabilities contribute significantly to the performance of private higher learning institutions. In addition, this study found strong support for the mediating role of leadership capabilities to promote performance. The findings have both theoretical and practical implications for post-disaster organisation resilience development.Research limitations/implicationsThe work focuses on values that would have an impact towards organisational performance, which is an important factor of survival in an unpredictable environment. The findings are limited by the indicated constraints used in this study.Practical implicationsOrganisational survival techniques would provide managers, owners and leaders effective techniques that can be implemented to extend and improve the organisation's life cycle. The focus on organisational resilience and leadership factors would greatly improve the overall sustainability and performance of the organisation.Originality/valueThe study contributed by showing the importance, use and interaction needed from organisational resilience and leadership capabilities for them to survive when there is a sudden change in the environment. The timing and uniqueness of the data during the pandemic illustrates how organisations can survive with high levels of weightage towards resilience and leadership. This research is different from other studies as it had examined the impact of values and resilience and leadership in organisations.

AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION ON SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION BEHAVIORS IN THE ONLINE EDUCATION INDUSTRY: PERSPECTIVES FROM CHINESE COLLEGE STUDENT

The study aims to investigate the perspectives that contributed to explaining the college students' sustainable consumption behavior in the online education industry (SCBOEI) and empirically build up with frameworks up lighting college students' drivers to consume sustainably and greenly in the online education industry. This research employs an exploratory design using a qualitative approach, with a semi-structured in-depth interview was conducted with 25 college students from different majors, ages and colleges in Chongqing city. The researcher is both a recorder and an observer. The data are coded by using NVivo 12.0 version software. The findings show that value, identity, environmental attitude, and contextual factors are critical dimensions to explain college students' SCBOEI. Value, identity, and contextual factors are the core explanatory factors, while environmental attitude is the sub-core explanatory dimension. However, the second level of coding shows that functional value, emotional value, self-identity, environmental attitude, government action, and social media have strong explanatory power. In addition, this study finds that covid-19 plays a prominent explanatory role in SCBOEI. Furthermore, learning conditions and psychological value can explain college students' SCBOEI to some extent. Such findings were encapsulated to building up with one theoretical framework pertinent and explain to SCBOEI. This paper contributes to existing theory as it provides evidence for the drivers of college students' SCBOEI, it also tentatively answers the question of inferring a difference in consumers ' sustainable consumption. Finally, it studies sustainable consumption from perspectives of the online education industry for college students. to some extent, this study also promotes and extends the sustainable development goals (No. 4 Higher Education and No. 12 Consumption).